Sheikh Zayed Islamic Centre, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Mapping Religiosity: Theological, Psychological, and Sociological Insights
This research analyzes the complex character of religion, highlighting its cognitive, behavioral, experiential, intellectual, and consequential elements within individual and community life. Drawing upon multidisciplinary approaches from theology, psychology, and sociology, it investigates how religion appears via belief, ritual, knowledge, and moral action, impacting both personal ethics and social harmony. The research demonstrates how religiosity promotes tolerance, moral decision-making, and community cohesiveness across major world faiths, including Islam, Christianity, and Hinduism. It also investigates the impact of religious education, interfaith interaction, and technological globalization in altering modern forms of faith. Findings demonstrate that strong religion produces compassion, moral clarity, and resilience, whereas its absence contributes to ethical uncertainty and social disintegration. The research concludes that religiosity, when anchored in knowledge and moderation, not only increases individual spirituality but also supports societal order and cross-cultural understanding in an increasingly globalized society.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anum Gul, Dr. Shahzadi Pakeeza (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
زیادة الثقة عندالإمام الدارقطني في کتابه "العلل الواردة في الأحاديث النبوية"دراسة تحليلية
Imām Dāra Quṭnī has been an important figure in the history of Hadith science. Dāra Quṭnī’s contribution was not confined to a single discipline of Hadith, but extended to every aspect of it. Despite of his death at the end of 4th century (A.H), he was considered among the early (mutaqaddimīn) Muḥaddithīn (which is meaningful). His book titled: “al-ʿIlal al-Wāridah fī al-Aḥadīth al-Nabawiyyah” is regarded milestone in the history of Hadith science as the science of ʿIlal is considered most difficult. The issue of singularity or addition of a trustworthy narrator is widely discussed by the scholars of ʿIlal. Being the narrator trustworthy, it should be accepted with no question. But due to his singularity or addition from other disciples of the same master, it should be probed further that how did he bring this singularity or addition from other fellows? Usually, the early scholars question it and accept it rarely, but later scholars mostly accept it with the title of “Ziyādāt al-Thiqah”. This article discusses that how Dāra Quṭnī did interact with narration consisting of “Ziyādat al-Thiqah”? either he accepted it with no question or refused it with no consideration or there was its acceptance with some conditions? This article will explore the answer of these questions.
Dāra Quṭnī; Ziyādat al-Thiqah; Tafarrud; ʿIlal; al-Shudhūdh
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Abdulsamad Shaikh, Ikramullah Akmal (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Religion and Cultural Transformation in the Arab World: An Analytical Study from an Islamic Perspective
The concept of dīn in the Arab region occupies a pivotal position in Islamic thought, reflecting a dynamic interaction between religious principles and local customs, traditions, and culture (ʿurf). This study delves into the evolution of religious concepts in the Arab world, emphasizing their nuanced relationship with regional customs and practices within the framework of Islamic legal traditions. Grounded in its universal and natural outlook, Islamic jurisprudence has historically demonstrated an exceptional capacity to accommodate the diversity of cultural practices across different times and regions while ensuring their alignment with core religious principles.This paper presents an analysis of how historical and contemporary transformations—such as modernization, globalization, urbanization, and the unprecedented rise of digital communication—have reshaped the role of religion in society and its interaction with cultural norms. Special attention is given to the dual trends of secularization and re-Islamization, which have emerged as significant forces influencing societal cohesion, political stability, and the cultural fabric of the Arab region.Moreover, the study explores the mechanisms through which Islamic legal traditions adapt to evolving societal norms, emphasizing their capacity to maintain religious relevance while fostering inclusivity and adaptability. The findings underscore the potential of harmonizingKEYWORDSDīn, Arab region, Cultural practices (ʿurf), Islamic jurisprudence, modernization, secularization, re-IslamizationDate of Publication: 30-12-2025 raditional Islamic principles with modern realities, ensuring a balanced approach to contemporary challenges and preserving the region's unique cultural and religious identity.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hafiz MuhammadFarooq Abdullah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Prophetic (PBUH) Treaties: A Framework for Inclusive Governance and Interfaith Harmony in Muslim–Non-Muslim State Relations
This study examines the diplomatic and governance frameworks established by Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) through treaties with non-Muslim communities, analyzing their relevance to contemporary Muslim-state relations. By critically engaging with historical accords such as the Constitution of Medina, the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, and agreements with Jewish and Christian tribes, the research highlights enduring principles of peacebuilding, interfaith coexistence, and minority rights. Central to these treaties was the prioritization of dialogue over conflict, exemplified by the 10-year Hudaybiyyah truce, which halted hostilities with Meccan polytheists despite entrenched animosity. The Constitution of Medina institutionalized pluralism, recognizing Jews and Muslims as a unified political entity (ummah wahidah) while guaranteeing religious autonomy—a model that prefigured modern secularism yet emphasized ethical accountability. The study also explores mechanisms for protecting minorities, such as the jizya system, which linked tax obligations to state protection while permitting non-Muslims to voluntarily contribute to national defense without financial penalty. Furthermore, the work addresses contemporary challenges, including sectarian extremism and discriminatory policies, arguing for realigning governance with Prophetic ethics. Key recommendations include legislative reforms to safeguard minority worship and education, interfaith dialogue platforms, and multilateral alliances rooted in mutual respect. By contrasting the failure of modern treaties with the success of Prophetic diplomacy, the study underscores Islam’s capacity to harmonize faith with inclusive statecraft. Ultimately, this research posits that reviving the Prophet’s (PBUH) ethos—grounded in justice, empathy, and collective welfare—offers a transformative roadmap for Muslim-majority nations to counter polarization, foster global harmony, and reclaim their role as moral leaders in a fractured world.
Copyright (c) 2025 Abdul Ghaffar, Tanveer Qasim (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
اسلامی نظام معاشرت میں قانونی و انتظامی عدم استحکام ، اضمحلال کا جائزہ
The Islamic government needs the Qur'an in the legislature, which is the word of Allah almighty and is a comprehensive book that distinguishes between right and wrong. It is a book, which is featured by the sense of inspiration, which holds the righteous guidelines of humanity, establishing justice, legalizing society and resolving differences, with acting upon it. In the concept of social justice, the law is the basic principle, which propagates this concept after beliefs, faith and spiritual training.If there is any swing in the formulation of the law, then this concept is not possible in its original form. All the main sources of Islamic Customs of Governance are in writing. The Quran is present in its original format and all the contents of the Sunnah of the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) and materials pertaining to interactive caliphate of Rashidain are contained in the books.Mujtahidin's views of the Ummah are also found in reliable books, none of them is extinct.But there are still some complications and difficulties in extracting the rules from this source in writing and documenting them into a writing constitution that needs time to overcome.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sumbal Ashraf (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
تخصیصِ عام بالسبب: اصولیین کی آراء کا تحلیلی و ماخذی تجزیہ
Specification by Cause (Takhsees al- ‘Aam bil-Sabab) is one of the substantial and intricate discourse in the field of Usul al-Fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence). It usually refers to the costruing an interpretation of general textual wording in a legal text in the perspective of the explicit context or incident; generally known as Asbab al-wurud through which the revelation revealed on an occasion. These consequences upon restraining the generality of the text by detaching and keeping in view the context certain individuals or cases. Usul al-Fiqh explores this principle in profundity, addressing its academic foundations, while defininig its fundamental terms ‘aam and sabab, their classifications, describing its various jural approaches. Morepver, this significant debate has not been confined only to usuliyyun (legal jurisprudential experts); rather, it has been dealt by fuqaha, Qur’anic exegetical expets (mufassirun) and the scholars of Ulum al-Qur’an at the same time. Jurists deal this principle to resolve practical legal intricacies;exegetes employ it for the sake of interpreting Qur’an keeping in view the narrations of asbab al-nuzul. The scope of this article is not been set to present a comprehensive exploration of all such discourses as it would amaulgamate the reader’s mind and might increase the risk of unnecessary perplexties. Hence, this article proposes a succinct reflection focussing analytical overview of the significant conventional usuliyyun regarding this issue i.e. takhsees bil-sabab, as well as a critical investigation of their opinions, arguments through substanciting with examples. The second purpose of this study is to intrduce with the fundamental sources which deal with this principle in detailed way. It is at the sametime noteworthy that the term "cause" specifically refers to circumstantial context behind the revelation; not as the operative tool cause as of a legal term.
Specification by Cause (takhsees bil- sabab)
Usul al-Fiqh, Asbab al-wurud (Occasions of Revelation)
Siyāq al-Kalām and Generality and Specification
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Haroon, Muhammad Feroz-Ud-Din Shah Khagga , Hafiz Jamshed Akhtar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
صاحبیَن کی کتابوں میں اَحکامی اَحادیث: ایک شماریاتی تجزیہ
The Hanafi school of Islamic law like other Islamic schools of legal thought is firmly grounded in the Quran and Sunnah of the Prophet (peace be on him), but their vast application of juristic opinion (Ra'y), juristic preference (Istihsan) and analogical reasoning (Qiyas) caused some scholars to misunderstand the Hanafi doctrine about the Sunah. Even some traditionists (Muhaddithin) had also been of the opinion that Hanafi jurists had made a little use of legal traditions in their juristic debates.This paper studies all the available written material of Imam Abu Yousuf and Imam Muhammad al-Shaybani, the two most important disciples of Imam Abu Hanifa (the founder of the Hanafi school), in order to determine the status of Sunnah in Hanafi legal system. The paper concludes that the Hanafi School of Islamic law recognizes importance of the Sunnah as a primary source of Islamic law and the said accusation is unjust.
Legal; Traditions; Writings; Abu Yousuf; al-Shybani
سر جیمز جارج فریزر کی کتاب ’’شاخِ زریں ‘‘میں اساطیر:ایدونس کےاسطورہ کا مطالعہ
This article focuses on the myths described in Sir James George Frazer's famous work The Golden Bough, specifically the "Myth of Adonis". Adonis is an ancient mythological figure, associated with the concepts of fertility, death, and rebirth. This myth is found in the religions of Syria and Cyprus. Ancient customs, such as sacrifice, religious prostitution, and the rules of royal marriages, were linked to this belief. This article attempts to examine the religious and cultural concepts of ancient civilizations from a modern perspective. It sheds light on the evolution of religion, magic, and science throughout human history.
Myth of Adonis, Religions of Syria and Cyprus, Religious prostitution, Royal wedding rules.
The Origins of Tafsīrī Principles: An Analytical Study within the Framework of Uṣūl al-Fiqh
Tafsīr is that branch of knowledge in which the message of the Qur’ān is elaborated with the motive of understanding the meanings of Allah’s intent; while Uṣūl Al-Tafsīr are those principles by which the words of the Qur’an are interpreted so as to apprehend the meanings of Allah’s book. The Prophet (ﷺ) used to elucidate the meanings of the Qur’ān to clarify any ambiguities to the native Arabs, but the prudence to establish the science of Tafsīr was to facilitate non-natives, so that they may be benefitted equally by the Allah’s Message. In the previous centuries, Uṣūl Al-Tafsīr used to be described in the context of Uṣūl Al- Fiqh till the time it became an independent science. In this article, the emergence and evolution of Uṣūl Al-Tafsīr has been discussed within the framework of Uṣūl Al- Fiqh and the relation they exhibit therein.
Qur’ān, Tafsīr, Fiqh, Uṣūl, Qawā‘id, Origins, Analysis
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Farooq Haider (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
فلسفة الدعوة وتطبيقاتها عند الشيخ وحيد الدين خان في ضوء تفسيره "تذكير القرآن"
This study explores the philosophy of Islamic Dawah as presented by Sheikh Wahiduddin Khan, especially through his tafsir Tazkir al-Qur’an. The main parts of the research include: · An introduction to Quranic exegeses based on the principles of Dawah. We defined () both linguistically and as a scholarly term, explaining four main components of Islamic Dawah: the caller (Da’i), the message, the audience (Mad’u), and the methods used. · Brief account of Sheikh Wahiduddin Khan’s life and intellectual development. · Introduction to his exegetical work “Tazkir-ul-Quran”. His approach to Dawah is based on the idea that the Qur’an is a book of reminder and reflection. He preferred a simple and thoughtful style of communication that speaks to the modern individual. A special part of this study is devoted to the role of the Da’i. According to Khan, a true caller to Islam should be patient, kind, and forgiving, and should treat all people as part of one human family, not as enemies. He criticized traditional methods of Dawah that ignore the mindset of educated people, and instead suggested using reason, dialogue, and clear argument to present the message of Islam. The core themes of Dawah—Tawhid and belief in the Hereafter—must be delivered with wisdom and sincerity, without any worldly or political motive. The study also discusses some of the main obstacles to Dawah according to Khan. He mainly focused on arrogance or attachment to material lifekmas the core hurdles. He thinks a Da’i can overcome these challenges only through faith and persistence. Overall, this research offers insights to Molana Wahiduddin khan’s understanding of Dawah, and how he interprets the Quranic verses according to this Understanding.
Philosophy; Islamic Dawah; Sheikh Wahiduddin Khan; Tafsir; Qur’an
لفظِ ”قرآن “ کی لغوی تعبیرات اور اشتقاقی حیثیت؛ایک تحقیقی و تجزیاتی مطالعہ
The Lexical and etymological basis of the word Qur’ān has long remained a central topic of scholarly and linguistic debate. Various eminent scholars like lexicographers and exegetes have presented in-depth discussions on this subject. This research thoroughly examines whether the word “Qur’an” is derived (mush­taqq) or non-derived (jamid), and it based on what linguistic meanings. There are two major opinions emerge in this discourse: The first group holds that the word Qur’ān is non-derived (jāmid) and non-hamzated (ghayr mahmūz), and that it is a proper noun (ism ʿalam) specifically designated for the Divine Book. This group includes renowned scholars such as Imām al-Shāfiʿī, Ibn Kathīr, al-Zamakhsharī, Imām al-Suyūṭī, and others. On the other hand, a large group is convinced that the word Qur’ān is derived (mushtaq), and they have its presented various derivation roots and meanings. Based on which, there are two more prominent groups within this group, whose opinions we can be divided into four basic opinions. The findings of this research indicate that while the majority of scholars believe the word Qur’ān to be derived (mushtaq), the arguments supporting its non-derived (jāmid) status are also strong and grounded in linguistic and methodological principles. This debate is not only significant for students of linguistics and Arabic grammar (ṣarf and naḥw), but also has a profound impact on the understanding of the Qur’ān and its interpretive sciences (ʿulūm al-tafsīr). The objective of this study is not to favor one view over the other, but rather to present a critical analysis of all perspectives and to create awareness within the Ummah about the depth and divine wisdom embedded in the word Qur’ān.
Non-derived (ghayr mush¬taqq), Hamzated, Non-hamzated.
تنگی نہیں آسانی : اسلامی تعلیمات کے تناظر میں عذر شرعی کا تحقیقی جائزہ
This paper provides an understanding of the concept of Shariah Relxation according to Islamic teachings. A Shariah Relaxation (excuse) refers to a situation or condition under which a person is granted exemption from certain religious duties or responsibilities, such as relaxation granted due to illness, travel, or other unavoidable circumstances. The research explains various types of Shariah Relaxation (excuse), such as those related to prayers, fasting, other acts of worship and financial dealings, which can be excused under specific conditions. Additionally, the paper discusses how the principles of Shariah Relxation are interpreted across different Islamic jurisprudential schools (fiqh), clarifying how these rules are applied based on individual circumstances. The goal of this study is to help Muslims understand the relief granted by Shariah and how these relaxations can aid them in their lives. It highlights that legal excuses play an essential role in ensuring balance in both individual lives and society, allowing religious duties to be fulfilled according to one's specific situation.
Christine Schirrmacher on Higher Bible Criticism and Muslim Apologetics in Nineteenth-Century India: A Critical Analysis
This article reviews a book chapter, “The Influence of Higher Bible Criticism on Muslim Apologetics in the Nineteenth Century”, written by German scholar Christine Schirrmacher. She tells how Muslim scholars used the Christian West’s findings to substantiate their claims in criticizing Christianity. Due to her Western scholarship, this essay gained much significance in European academic circles. That is why every Western scholar quotes Schirrmacher on the topic of Muslim apologetics in nineteenth-century India. Hence, it is important to note how she sees Muslim endeavours against Christian allegations during that period. The main subject of interest is her comprehensive perspective on Raḥmat Allāh al-Kayrānawī and his book Iẓhār al-Ḥaqq. Since her essay is the primary Western source on al-Kayrānawī, it is important to evaluate it and counter her misunderstandings. The research uses qualitative methodology with an analytical and critical approach. For Schirrmacher, nineteenth-century Muslim apologetics is the borrowing of European criticism to refute Christianity, and al-Kayrānawī was the first person to adopt this method. The research concludes that al-Kayrānawī’s approach was not solely influenced by higher Bible criticism and other scholars before him, like Ibn Hazm have also adopted such techniques.
The Political Role of the Ulama in Al-Andalus: An Analytical Study of Religious Leadership and Statecraft in Muslim Spain
This research article explores the political role of the Ulama (Islamic scholars) in Muslim Spain (Al-Andalus), focusing on how religious leadership intersected with statecraft across different historical periods. From the establishment of the Umayyad Emirate in Córdoba to the final days of the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada, the Ulama played crucial roles not only in religious and judicial affairs but also in shaping political discourse, legitimizing rulers, mediating conflicts, and influencing administrative reforms. By analyzing historical chronicles, biographical dictionaries, and fatwa literature, this study examines the complex relationship between knowledge and power, highlighting how the authority of the Ulama often extended beyond the pulpit and the madrasa into the court and the battlefield. It argues that their political engagement was both strategic and principled, aimed at preserving social cohesion, Islamic identity, and ethical governance during times of internal strife and external threats. The paper contributes to a deeper understanding of Islamic political thought in a European context and sheds light on the legacy of the Andalusian Ulama in the broader narrative of Islamic history.
Al-Andalus, Ulama, Muslim Spain, Islamic governance, religious leadership, Andalusian politics, Umayyad Córdoba, Granada, Islamic jurisprudence, statecraft
جدید تولیدی نظام کی جہات کا فقہی مسالک کی روشنی میں جائزہ ( ایک تعارف)
Islam grant permission not only seeking cure of infertility but also encourage. In this paper Islamic Jurisdiction and Laws through international Fiqh committees and academies and Islami Nazriaty Council Pakistan on Assisted Reproductive Technology has been discussed thoroughly. Islamic Schools of Thought Sunni and Shia both have totally different perspective on ARTs. Multiple dimensions and usages of ARTs are being in practice all over the world and encourage by all communities like Test Tube baby, Surrogacy and Gender Selection are commonly in practice. Being Muslim it is obligatory to find out the right way in the light of Quran and Sunnah.Islamic Laws allows all assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs), provided that the source of the sperm, ovum, and uterus comes from a legally married couple during the span of their marriage. Islam never allow third party should intrude upon the marital functions of sex and procreation. Surrogacy is not accepted in Islam. And Gender selection through (ATRs) is permitted with some conditions, preservation of an excess number of fertilized embryos through cryopreservation is allowed for further more practice and may be transferred to the same wife or other wife of same husband in a successive cycle, while the marriage is intact. Using frozen sperm after the death of the husband is not permitted. This paper will sort out the queries in modern age Muslim communities.
Islam; Islamic Jurisdiction; Fiqh; Technology
دور التربية الإسلامية في بناء الفرد ومدي أهميتها في الزمن المعاصر
The existence of an ideal society is a fundamental need for every human being, and this ideal society can only be formed by ideal individuals. If we compare society to a building, individuals are the basic building blocks of this structure. When individuals are ideal, the society will also be ideal, and its civilization and culture will be refined. For this reason, Islam has given great importance to individuals and has cared for their upbringing in all aspects. Today, the need to highlight the role of Islam in the upbringing of individuals has become extremely urgent, as Western civilization, despite bringing humanity to the pinnacle of material progress, is causing human society under its influence to gradually lose its moral values and spirituality. Unfortunately, Islamic societies are following in the footsteps of these advanced civilizations and attempting to imitate them, which is leading them toward the same fate that befell Western societies. Therefore, rebuilding individuals, society, and civilization on spiritual and moral foundations is one of the primary and significant issues of our time. In this article, we have highlighted the role of Islam in reforming individuals, discussed the moral values and spiritual instructions on which Islam has built the foundations of individual reform, and, finally, addressed the importance and necessity of these teachings in today's society.
An Overview of Islamic Teachings on Infertility
Muhammad Qasim Butt, Muhammad Sultan Shah
Diverse conformations to espouse the mother’s wombdecrees, inferences and dilemmas Islamic anhydrous
slamic anhydrous Ishtiaq Ahmed Gondal, Faiqa Imran, Romesa Mariam
Application of Islamic Legal Maxims to Hudood Offences and Their Punishments
Intellectual Groundings of Collective Ijtihad
Visual Challenges Faced by Islam in South Asia in the Modern Era
الصراع الفکری فی العالم العربی فی آراء ابی الحسن علی الندوی
الجعالۃ المتوازیۃوتطبیقاتہا فی التمویل الإسلامی المعاصر
استحکام خاندان :اسلامی تعلیمات کی روشنی میں
کزنز میرج (Consanguineous Marriage) ،طبّی امراض اورفقہی نقطہ نگاہ
شیئرزکی جدید تجارتی صورتوں کا قبضہ کے تناظرمیں جائزہ
’امت ‘و’ قوم‘ کا مفہوم و دائرہ کار(ایک تحقیقی و تقابلی جائزہ)