مسلم مفکرین کا نظریہ تاریخ- قرآنی آیات کی روشنی میں

Abstract

The Holy Qur’ān comments on rise and fall of nations, thus laying down the moral principles to be followed for the rise and pointing out violations resulting into fall of human societies. The Muslim Historians, in general, have followed the same principles to judge rise and fall of nations, as that of Qur’ān, in their historiographies. This paper studies the point of wiew of Muslim historians, in the light of explanations given by them, about the history and its philosophy. The Muslim Historian of high middle ages, Ibn Miskawāyh believed in the use of philosophical wit instead of mere collection of events, on behalf of historian. Ibn Khaldūn founded the philosophy of social historiography. Following him, the modern scientific and logical trends made it an art to unfold the collective human nature, conscience and culture. Zia al-Dīn Barni and Mullā Abdul Qādir were first Muslim historians, in the Sub-Continent to follow the modern philosophy of History. Allāmah Shiblī compared the ideas of Western critics and Eastern Historians supporting the fact of going into the past for moral lessons, to achieve success in future. Allāmah Iqbāl believed that History is a mirror which reflects the whole human origin. Sayyed Mawdūdī based his writing of history on the philosophy given by the Holy Qur’ān. What the following article explores, is the fact that the Muslim scholars based their Philosophy of History in the Sub-Continent, as that of inferred from the Quranic narratives.